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Case Study on the Application of Automated Rural Wastewater Treatment Systems
Release date:
2020-05-18
Rural wastewater treatment refers to the process of collecting and treating domestic sewage generated in rural areas—such as wastewater from washing, cooking, bathing, and toilet use—so that it meets prescribed standards before being discharged or reused. This is a critical step in improving rural living environments, protecting the ecological system, and achieving rural revitalization.
Core Challenges and Characteristics (Why Is Rural Wastewater Difficult to Treat?)
Compared to urban wastewater treatment, rural sewage treatment faces unique challenges, which also determine that its technological approach must be tailored accordingly:
Dispersed pollution sources: The village layout is scattered, making it difficult to build an extensive sewage collection network system like in cities.
Water quantity and quality fluctuate significantly: Water volume is low, with distinct morning and evening peak drainage periods; water quality is heavily influenced by lifestyle patterns, and organic matter concentrations may be relatively high.
Economic affordability is limited: It's difficult to afford the high construction and operational costs of large, conventional wastewater treatment plants.
Weak professional operations and maintenance capabilities: Lacking professional operations and maintenance management personnel, the technology must be stable, easy to maintain, and intelligent.
Existing technologies for treating domestic wastewater primarily rely on biological methods—commonly employed by municipal sewage treatment plants. A2O , activated sludge methods such as oxidation ditches are characterized by the need for a sewage network to centrally collect wastewater, complex operational processes for the structures involved, high construction and operating costs, and the requirement for specialized personnel to manage them. As a result, these methods are difficult to apply effectively to the treatment of dispersed domestic wastewater in rural areas.
Project Overview
The sewage treatment project in XX Village, XX City, Shaanxi Province, handles 150 tons of domestic wastewater daily. After passing through various treatment stages—including a grit chamber (which separates floating debris from the wastewater), an equalization basin, an anaerobic tank, a pre-denitrification tank, an anoxic tank, and an aerobic tank—the treated and clarified water is discharged into an artificial wetland, where it undergoes final UV disinfection before meeting discharge standards and being released into the river channel.
Plan Design Highlights
> One mechanical grille, used to separate floating materials from wastewater;
> Wastewater is conveyed via gravity flow through pipelines into the equalization basin, then pumped to the anaerobic tank, while monitoring the flow data in real time;
> The flow naturally moves to the pre-denitrification tank, anoxic tank, and aerobic tank;
The reflux pump in the aeration tank re-pumps the wastewater back to the pre-denitrification tank, while the supernatant flows by gravity to the sedimentation tank and sludge tank.
>The supernatant in the sludge pond flows by gravity to the clear water tank and the primary and secondary constructed wetlands, while the sludge is discharged via a sludge pump;
>The supernatant is further treated within the constructed wetland and then disinfected using UV equipment before being discharged into the river, meeting discharge standards;
>All devices must support local and remote control functions (via touchscreen and cloud platform).
Carefully considering the project's design requirements and implementation features, the overall implementation plan employs on-site data acquisition and control using a PLC (NA2000), enabling real-time monitoring and display of sensor and equipment statuses, as well as automated control of on-site equipment start-up, stop, and switching operations according to process demands. Additionally, video signals, equipment statuses, and sensor data are transmitted wirelessly via a 4G gateway to the Information Management Center, laying the foundation for centralized management in the future. The schematic diagram of the automatic control system is shown below:
This project utilizes a third-party cloud platform for its drawing design, while relying solely on ATO Technology's NA2000 PLC and touch screen as the control center to achieve on-site automation functions. In future projects of this type, it is recommended to leverage ATO Cloud and the NA series. Control Achieve remote monitoring and management for convenient maintenance. Additionally, an environmental equipment manufacturer in Shaanxi has already connected 30 sets of wastewater treatment systems to Aotuo Cloud for real-time monitoring.
The cloud-based interface (third-party) is shown below:
Project Summary
Rural sewage treatment plants are relatively dispersed. By integrating them with a PLC-based control system and utilizing 4G wireless transmission, not only can real-time monitoring and management of the stations be achieved from the central control room, but the management center can also remotely program, modify, and debug operations at each station using a host computer. This approach eliminates the need to lay fiber-optic cables from individual stations back to the management center, significantly freeing up both manpower and material resources while conserving societal assets.
Application Expansion
As the economy develops, wireless 4G applications will become increasingly widespread, particularly in industrial and civilian sectors. Aotuo Technology’s NA2000 PLC integrates wireless functionality with on-site control into a single device, offering a seamless alternative to traditional PLC and wireless communication module solutions. This design simplifies on-site configuration—achievable through just one software platform—eliminating the need for multiple software tools and reducing the complexity of multi-step operations. As a result, it minimizes potential operational and debugging issues. Below, we’ll introduce several scenarios where this solution is ideally suited:
1. The equipment or project site has 4G network coverage, and the wiring distance is long. To reduce costs, a CPU + 4G solution can be used for control and monitoring. The structural diagram is as follows:
2. If there is no 4G network at the equipment site, and the location is relatively far away with no suitable conditions for laying cables, you can use a CPU combined with a wireless bridge (note that different bridges offer varying transmission ranges) to transmit data to the cloud via MQTT. The detailed structural diagram is as follows:
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